Monotheletism (“Christ operated with but one will, although he had two natures”) was a doctrine that had to hide or apparently dissolve the very deep theological divergences between the Catholic and the Monophysite doctrines. The author discusses the creation of this doctrine against its political historical background of the conflict between the Byzantine and Persian Empires to control the monophysite areas of Armenia, Egypt and Palestine. Monotheletism appears to have been a strategy of the Byzantine state with the intention to unify all Byzantine territories, avoiding that certain sectors felt to be segregated because of their beliefs.